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Example sentences for: hoxc-
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To examine this function in more detail, we employed a culture system that facilitates chondrocyte maturation and cartilage formation, and closely recapitulates the in vivo situation [ 11 ] . The micromass system has been used extensively for studies of cartilage formation from limb mesenchyme [ 10 11 12 13 ] and also for culture of chondrocytes in high density [ 14 ] . Here, we have adapted the system to neonatal mouse rib chondrocytes, to study the role of Hoxc-8 in chondrocyte maturation.
This conforms well to previous published measurements for chick limb chondrocytes [ 21 ] and rat chondrocytes in vitro [ 22 ] . The linear phase of growth was observed between days 3 and 4, and therefore the 72 hour time point was chosen for analysis of cell cycle kinetics of Hoxc-8 transgenic chondrocytes in vitro . First, we established the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) assay using mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and then we assayed rib chondrocytes from Hoxc-8 transgenic and control mice in high density bulk cultures.
Cellular differences must exist at the time the cells are taken from the animal (which would be expected to die as a Hoxc-8 transgenic), and indeed molecular differences exist (see Figure 8).
Our studies of chondrocytes from Hoxc-8 transgenic mice reveal several interesting results: in vivo , chondrocytes remain relatively immature, with few progressing to hypertrophy in Hoxc-8 transgenic mice.
We previously reported [ 1 ] that Hoxc-8 transgenic mice exhibit profound defects in cartilage, particularly in the rib cage and vertebral column.
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