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Example sentences for: hoxc-
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This conforms well to previous published measurements for chick limb chondrocytes [ 21 ] and rat chondrocytes in vitro [ 22 ] . The linear phase of growth was observed between days 3 and 4, and therefore the 72 hour time point was chosen for analysis of cell cycle kinetics of Hoxc-8 transgenic chondrocytes in vitro . First, we established the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) assay using mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and then we assayed rib chondrocytes from Hoxc-8 transgenic and control mice in high density bulk cultures.
These data indicate that chondrocytes from Hoxc-8 transgenic mice have the capacity to differentiate and mature normally under the culture conditions described here.
The transcriptional regulatory activities of Smad1 in the nucleus are associated with its ability to directly bind to DNA [ 12 ] , its interaction with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as OAZ, SIP1 and Hoxc-8 [ 13 14 15 ] , and also its interaction with the master transcriptional co-activator CBP/p300 [ 16 ] . Smad4 is an essential functional partner in Smad-regulated transcription and also interacts with CBP/p300 via a domain within the central linker region named as SAD (Smad Activation Domain) [ 13 ] . Since CBP/p300 has intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and participates in chromatin remodeling, the recruitment of CBP/p300 into the DNA-binding complexes of Smad1 and Smad4 is likely a critical step in Smad-regulated gene activation.
As shown in Figure 8, Hoxc-8 expression is elevated in Hoxc-8 transgenic mice, as expected [ 23 ] . Differences also exist between controls and transgenics in expression levels for several genes involved in cartilage development.
Given our inability to distinguish Hoxc-8 transgenic cells from controls by parameters for either cell differentiation or proliferation, we sought to determine which molecular differences exist in our transgenic mice associated with the documented deficiencies in cartilage maturation [ 1 ] . To this end, we analyzed gene expression in freshly isolated primary rib chondrocytes from Hoxc-8 transgenic animals [ 1 ] . Real-time quantitative PCR was performed.
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