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Example sentences for: hnscc
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Amplification and expression of cyclin D1, p53 mutation and deletions of 3p, 5q, and 9p21 are suggested to be influenced by the degree of tobacco exposure [ 4 6 8 ] . The largest effort on this topic has been reported by Koch and colleagues, who found significantly higher rates of p53 mutation and loss of heterozygosity at 3p, 4q, and 11q as part of allelotyping analysis of 10 individual loci [ 4 ] . No studies have utilized true genome-wide evaluative measures to analyze the impact of carcinogen exposure on the accumulated chromosomal abnormalities in HNSCC.
Tumor samples from patients undergoing curative treatment for HNSCC were obtained at time of biopsy or surgical resection in the operating room, following guidelines established by the Institutional Review Board.
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), originally described by Kallionemi in 1992, is an ideal screening measure, allowing the simultaneous detection of gains, losses and amplifications in genetic information in an individual tumor [ 9 ] . In addition, several authors have used the total number of chromosomal abnormalities as an assessment of genomic instability [ 10 ] . In this study, CGH analysis showed the presence of significant overlap in genomic instability and in the individual chromosomal abnormalities based on the degree of tobacco/alcohol exposure in HNSCC, with the exception of gains/amplifications at 3q and 1p.
Taking the limitations into account, we identified no differences in the degree of chromosomal instability and significant overlap in the pattern of chromosomal aberrations occurring in patients with HNSCC divided by the severity of tobacco/alcohol exposure.
, showing the highest levels of chromosomal sensitivity in lymphocytes after exposure to the clastogen bleomycin in HNSCC patients who were non-smokers [ 7 ] . Relatively few studies have directly investigated the impact of tobacco/alcohol exposure on the genetic composition of HNSCC.
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