Words similar to gpcr
Example sentences for: gpcr
How can you use “gpcr” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
, [ 27 ] reported that endogenously-expressed LPA and endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors in SK-N-MC cells do not activate ERKs unless the EGFR is co-expressed, although each GPCR is functional as evidenced by their ability to increase intracellular [Ca 2+].
Despite numerous reported differences, it does appear that diverse GPCRs share common mechanistic themes during ERK stimulation, including the tyrosine-phosphorylation of Shc and its complexing with Grb2, mSOS recruitment, the GTP-loading of Ras, and Raf-1 activation leading to MEK-1 phosphorylation [ 1 ] . However, the progression of each of these downstream events after GPCR stimulation depends first on the tyrosine phosphorylation of a membrane-bound protein that will be used as a scaffold, which will bind the other proteins (e.g.
For the GPCR model, the tyrosine kinase(s) involved and the site of this multi-protein complex formation is less clear.
It has been postulated that activation of these kinases allows GPCR agonists to modulate such diverse molecular events as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [ 1 ] . To date, all three cloned opioid receptor types (μ,δ, κ) and the closely related nociceptin receptor have demonstrated the ability to signal through their heterotrimeric G proteins (G i or G o ) to at least one type of MAPK [ 2 3 4 ] . Among the members of this family that are activated by opioids, are the two extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (p44 MAPK(ERK 1) and p42 MAPK(ERK 2)) [ 5 ] and the p38 protein kinase [ 3 ] . However, the precise mechanism by which OR stimulation produces an increase in MAPK activity is still unknown and under investigation.
Furthermore, since some GPCRs can modulate MAP kinase activity, MAP kinase regulation of GPCR function may then serve as a form of negative feedback control in much the same way that protein kinase A, protein kinase C and the G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate GPCRs.
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