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Example sentences for: fold-changes
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Accuracy was defined as the fraction of computed fold-changes that were accurate within twofold, and determined for assumed levels of spike-skew from 10-40% (percentage is the ratio of standard deviation (SD) to mean of the random spike-skew term in the simulation).
Different methodologies and strategies for reducing noise include establishing an arbitrary global threshold for fold-changes [ 9 ] , noise-filtering look up tables [ 8 ] , normalization techniques to make microarrays comparable, such as using ANOVA methods to provide estimates of changes in gene expression that are corrected for potential confounding effects [ 10 11 ] , and using replicate experiments to estimate the variability in reported gene expression [ 12 ] . Applying fold change thresholds has been the most common method of reducing noise by filtering out the false positives [ 8 9 13 ] . However, much of the work done to date has focused on decreasing noise within the same generation and has not addressed the issue of comparability across generations.
Of these 28, only 3 of the normal group and 4 of the deficient group had a fold-change greater than 1.5 and only one in each group had a fold-change that exceeded 2. Fold-changes larger than 1.5 were seen only in probe sets with average signals < 900.
Those probe sets with a unadjusted significance of P < 0.05 (blue), P < 0.01 (green) or P < 0.001 (red) are indicated on the scatter plots in Figures 1Cand 1D, while the distribution of significant differences at different fold-changes is illustrated in the table in Figure 1E.
Genes were also chosen which displayed a wide range of fold-changes and varying p values and possible functions were taken into account (Table 2).
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