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Example sentences for: fold-changes
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Figure 2shows the distribution of fold-changes in transcript levels in response to NGF.
Different methodologies and strategies for reducing noise include establishing an arbitrary global threshold for fold-changes [ 9 ] , noise-filtering look up tables [ 8 ] , normalization techniques to make microarrays comparable, such as using ANOVA methods to provide estimates of changes in gene expression that are corrected for potential confounding effects [ 10 11 ] , and using replicate experiments to estimate the variability in reported gene expression [ 12 ] . Applying fold change thresholds has been the most common method of reducing noise by filtering out the false positives [ 8 9 13 ] . However, much of the work done to date has focused on decreasing noise within the same generation and has not addressed the issue of comparability across generations.
Fold-changes (FC) in expression were defined as: = mean mefloquine expression level/mean DMSO expression level.
Thus, focusing on fold-changes alone is insufficient and confidence statements about differential expression must take into account absolute signal intensities [ 8 ] . In this study we have adapted a statistical method that utilizes absolute signal intensities from a reference set of positive controls and negative non-homologous control sequences to determine the absolute intensity range in each channel that may be used with a certain confidence level on a particular microarray to calculate expression ratios.
Genes were also chosen which displayed a wide range of fold-changes and varying p values and possible functions were taken into account (Table 2).
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