Words similar to ecm
Example sentences for: ecm
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Besides fibroblasts, granulation tissue consists of macrophages, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by fibroblasts.
Mediators known to activate ECs include inflammatory cytokines, growth factors such as VEGF/VPF and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen and fibronectin, and proteases such as MMPs [ 1 2 ] . In vitro and in vivo assays indicate that VEGF signaling promotes increased permeability, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, functioning through two EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor such as Kinase domain receptor (KDR) [ 1 2 3 ] . In the majority of solid tumors, VEGF is upregulated in response to hypoxia, inducing the expression of pro-angiogenic genes that promote tumor angiogenesis, growth and eventual metastasis [ 3 4 5 ] . The expression of both positive and negative factors must be tightly and specifically regulated in a coordinated manner.
Eight 20-ms pulses were delivered at a frequency of 1 Hz using a BTX ECM 830 electroporator.
The ability of cancer cells to proliferate within a tissue depends on their response to adhesive and growth factor cues within the ECM [ 10 ] , and self-sufficiency in growth signals is one of the hallmarks of cancer [ 11 ] . To stimulate their own growth and proliferation in tissue, tumor cells can overproduce and release their own growth factors or obtain them from the matrix as they are released by matrix metalloproteinases [ 12 ] . The endothelial vasculature grows into the tumor and provides nutrients and oxygen [ 13 ] . This model is illustrated by the experimental results presented here, as both A549 (lung) and U118 (brain) cell lines are observed to upregulate one set of genetic programs related to cell growth and proliferation when in culture and another set related to cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix, growth substances, and neovascularization when developing as an in vivo tumor.
In young bovine articular cartilage (a tissue that many investigators have used to investigate the impact of physical and biochemical factors on ECM metabolism [ 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 ] ), IL-1 induces a characteristic spatially heterogeneous depletion of GAG.
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