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Example sentences for: diploids
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Expression of the capping enzymes from these plasmids is driven by the nmt1* promoter [ 19 ] . The plasmids were transformed into heterozygous pct1 +/ pct1::kanMX or pce1 +/ pct1::kanMX diploids using the lithium acetate method [ 18 ] . The Leu +diploid transformants were then sporulated on ME plates at room temperature.
Thus, those meioses did not exhibit simple MI nondisjunction, because 100% of diploids arising from MI nondisjunction would be heterozygous at the centromeres (Figure 5B).
The plasmids were introduced into heterozygous pct1 +/ pct1::kanMX or pce1 +/ pce1::kanMX diploids.
Since S. pombe contains only three chromosome pairs, aberrant assortment during one or both of the meiotic divisions can produce, by chance, a significant fraction of meiotic products that receive at least one copy of each chromosome and are hence viable [ 38 43 ] . Aberrant segregation can also produce nullisomic aneuploids (missing one or more chromosomes), polysomic aneuploids (having additional copies of individual chromosomes), and diploids [ 38 39 44 ] . In S. pombe the haploids and diploids are viable, nullisomic aneuploids are inviable, and disomic aneuploids tend to lose the extra chromosome or chromosomes and become haploid [ 45 ] . We therefore determined the frequencies of spore viability and meiotic diploidy as genetic measures of chromosome segregation errors.
The genetic identities and relationships of mulberry plants including cultivars, diploids and polyploids have been determined using RAPD technology [ 5 6 7 ] . Xiang et al.
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