Words similar to defective
Example sentences for: defective
How can you use “defective” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Classic examples include Archibald Garrod, a British physician whose desire to understand why a patient produced black urine led to the hypothesis that diseases can result from defective metabolic enzymes, and Fuller Albright, a clinical investigator at Harvard whose thoughtful approach to his patients yielded insights that revolutionized the field of endocrinology.
However, in the present studies we made use of stimuli that bypassed the early steps in the T-cell receptor-mediated signaling cascade and found that there was defective IL-2 production in cells stimulated immediately on isolation from the RA synovium, whereas these same cells were completely competent for IFN-γ production.
The A326S mutation of α i1 and A366S mutation of α s (cognate to the α i2 A327S used in this study) were shown to cause greatly decreased affinity for GDP [ 9 10 ] . Defective binding of GDP leads to more Gα in the empty state (no bound guanine-nucleotide), and this form of Gα is rapidly denatured in vitro , as shown for α s A366S and α i1 A326S [ 9 10 ] . Moreover, α s A366S was demonstrated to undergo rapid degradation (t 1/2 < 1 h) in stably transfected cells [ 9 ] . The same mutation in α t has also been shown to greatly decrease guanine-nucleotide binding [ 5 22 ] . Additional amino acids in the critical β6-α5 loop are important for maintaining Gα integrity [ 7 ] .
HSV-2 pol (SB5, 83D, 6652 and 6757 described in [ 21 ] ) or HSV-1 pol (SC16 and PAA r5) coding regions were co-transfected with replication defective HP66 viral DNA containing a LacZ insertion within pol [ 17 ] into Vero cells to generate recombinant viruses.
Our results provide direct genetic evidence for these functions of TECs, by showing that these processes are defective in mutants with a primary TEC differentiation defect (the Hoxa3,Pax1 compound mutants).
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