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Example sentences for: cgr
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The pioneer work by Jeffrey published in 1990 [ 5 ] achieved this for genomic sequences by using the Chaos Game Representation technique (CGR), defining a unit-square where each corner corresponds to one of the 4 possible nucleotides.
either forward or backward, which is an equivalent to a multidimensional solution for CGR) can be quickly established by noting that the identity of a quadrant is set by its middle coordinates [ 13 ] . In order to extract the Markov format, for an arbitrary integer order ord, each of the two n-unit hypercubes, the set of n forward or backward coordinates, would be divided in q = 2 n.
This Bayesian technique is widely explored in bioinformatic applications seeking to measure homology and align sequences [ 11 ] . In a recent report [ 12 ] we have shown that, for genomic sequences, Markov tables are in fact a special case of CGR, contrary to what had been suggested previously [ 13 ] . This raised the prospect of an advantageous use of iterative maps as state spaces not only for representation of sequences but also to identify scale independent stochastic models of the succession scheme.
Since the USM coordinates include two CGR iterations per dimension, one forward and another backward, two distances can be extracted.
Subsequent work further explored the properties of CGR of biological sequences, but two main obstacles prevented the realization of its early promise - lack of scalability with regard to the number of possible unique units and inability to represent succession schemes.