Words similar to c-jun
Example sentences for: c-jun
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Of interest to these studies are the three subfamilies within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily including the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs), p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) [ 31 ] . TNFα is one of many cytokines involved in luteal regression.
Studies have shown BRCA1 is upregulated in cells treated by DNA damaging agents such as cisplatinum [ 4 ] . BRCA1 has been shown to interact with DNA repair proteins such as Rad50 and Rad51, the tumor suppressor genes RB and BRCA2, transcriptional factors (RNA pol II, histone deacetylase complex, ctIP) as well as influence numerous cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases contributing to cell cycle regulation [ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ] . More recently, BRCA1 has been shown to influence apoptosis in a p53 independent manner [ 13 ] . This apoptotic response involved the c-jun kinase (JNK) pathway, though the details of this mechanism remain unclear [ 14 ] .
Because c-jun was shown to play important roles in programmed cell death in many cell types [ 20 21 ] , and microglia were shown to undergo programmed cell death after cholesterol oxide treatment [ 7 ] , experiments were performed to determine if c-jun activation was involved in cholesterol oxide induced microglial cell death.
There is evidence showing that programmed cell death (PCD, also known as apoptosis) occurs in some cells treated with cholesterol oxides [ 6 7 8 ] . PCD is a special type of cell death that can be induced by growth factor deprivation or toxins [ 9 10 11 ] . By using the PCD induced by nerve growth factor deprivation in sympathetic neurons as an example, the cell death process begins with the generation of reactive oxygen species followed by a significant decrease in glucose uptake, RNA and protein synthesis, activation of the immediate early protein, c-jun, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
Results indicated that both cholesterol oxides caused an increase in c-jun in microglia, with 25-OH-cholesterol showing a more pronounced increase (Fig.
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