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Example sentences for: appppn
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The high levels of ApppN (~100 μM) and AppppN (~10 μM) and the fact that Hnt2-containing samples continue to reduce the rate of increase in dinucleoside polyphosphates without reducing their concentrations demonstrate that heat shock induces dinucleoside polyphosphate synthesis and that Hnt2 is saturated under such conditions.
In the case of disruption of the Fhit and Hnt2-homologous aph1 gene in S. pombe , which encodes an enzyme relatively specific for a AppppA [ 20 ] , a 290-fold increase in AppppA concentration was observed [ 22 ] . Our data indicate that Hnt2 hydrolyzes ApppN and AppppN in vivo in budding yeast and that an intact adenine biosynthetic pathway is required for high-level synthesis and accumulation of adenylylated dinucleoside polyphosphates.
As shown in Figure 3, ApppN and AppppN levels are higher in hnt2 strains than in cells with a functional HNT2 gene, and were not significantly elevated by 2 mM CdCl 2 . However, when cells were heat shocked, as shown in Figure 4, ApppN and AppppN levels increased substantially in cultures with every HNT2 genotype (absence, presence or active site mutation).
In Xenopus oocytes, however, some work has suggested that heat shock-dependent accumulation of AppppN is largely due to inactivation of degradative enzymes [ 30 ] .
An earlier report demonstrated that disruption of HNT2 was tolerated by haploid yeast strains without an effect on growth and that ApppN and AppppN accumulate 30 and 3-fold, respectively on account of the hnt2 deletion [ 13 ] . Because those data were obtained by random spore analysis, we considered it important to test whether elevated dinucleoside polyphosphate levels co-segregate with hnt2 disruption in all tetrads examined and whether any other commonly used genetic markers affect dinucleoside polyphosphate levels.
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