Words similar to allele-specific
Example sentences for: allele-specific
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Moreover, direct estimates of the allele-specific effects of heterozygosity (relative to the corresponding homozygotes), nearly absent in the infectious disease-HLA literature, are frequently found in studies of HLA genotype and chronic (mostly autoimmune) diseases [ 28 29 30 ] . We do not know the reason for this difference in approach, but suspect that some infectious disease investigators, informed by the evolutionary hypothesis of overdominance for infectious disease resistance and by animal studies, may have a special interest in detecting effects of heterozygosity per se . Many studies of HLA-autoimmune disease associations, on the other hand, seem to focus more on the effects of individual alleles and, having established these, move on to investigate the dependence of these effects on genetic modifiers, including the identity of the individual's other allele at the same locus.
The OCP backbone sequence connecting the target complementary 5' and 3' regions is unique for the two allele-specific OCPs.
From the perspective of the population genetics debate concerning the role of overdominance in maintaining polymorphism at the MHC, we should note that this mechanism requires allele-specific overdominance for total fitness, not for resistance to individual diseases.
As noted by Doherty and Zinkernagel [ 4 ] , simple dominance for resistance to each of several diseases can create allele-specific overdominance for total fitness, if different alleles confer resistance to different diseases [ 10 31 ] . For these reasons, our results, while relevant to the longstanding debate over the relative importance of various kinds of balancing selection in maintaining MHC diversity [ 32 ] , raise doubts about only one of several lines of evidence for the overdominance hypothesis.
Of the two ways described above in which MHC genotype may affect disease outcome, the first - association between a particular allele and disease outcome - has been repeatedly documented in human populations by various methods of genetic epidemiology [ 17 ] . The second kind of effect, more vigorous immune responses to a pathogen by a heterozygote as compared to homozygotes for the same alleles, which we term "allele-specific overdominance," has been suggested by several animal studies [ 18 19 20 21 ] , although none of these studies is unambiguous (see DISCUSSION).
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