Words similar to voltage-gated
Example sentences for: voltage-gated
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Tetraethylammonium is known as a pore-occluding blocker of voltage-gated potassium channels [ 1 ] , but it also blocks other cationic channels such as calcium-dependent K +channels [ 2 3 ] and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [ 4 ] . TEA at 0.1 to 10 mM also inhibits osmotic water flux through human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes, decreasing the net swelling rate in hypotonic saline by 30-40% as compared to AQP1-expressing oocytes not treated with TEA [ 5 ] . This blocking effect on osmotic water flux was demonstrated to involve AQP1 channels specifically by using site-directed mutagenesis (tyrosine 186 to phenylalanine) to generate a Y186F AQP1 channel that is insensitive to block by TEA, but retains sensitivity to block by mercury.
Voltage-gated K +currents with distinct electrophysiological and pharmacological properties are present in granulosa cells (GC), and modulate resting membrane potential [ 4 12 13 16 17 ] . Furthermore, selective antagonism of GC K +channels with distinct molecular correlates, electrophysiological properties and expression patterns can influence differentially GC proliferation, steroidogenic capability, and apoptosis [ 17 18 ] . Our laboratory has previously identified two distinct delayed rectifier K +currents in pig GC: a slow current (I Ks ) associated with channels formed by co-assembly of KCNQ1 pore-forming and KCNE1 accessory proteins, and an ultra-rapid current (I Kur ) formed by co-assembly of KCNA pore-forming and KCNAB accessory proteins [ 4 ] . Moreover, we have shown that selective block of I Ks enhances basal progesterone synthesis, while complete block of both I Ks and I Kur accelerates apoptosis [ 18 ] .
Protein-protein complementation between the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments produced a DHPR capable of functioning as EC coupling voltage sensor, thus suggesting the presence of at least two functional modules within α 1S . Recent evidence suggests that the four internal repeats of the voltage-gated Na +channel, which is closely related to the L-type Ca 2+channel encoded by the DHPR, have non-equivalent functional roles because the S4 segments of repeats I and II move much faster than those of repeats III and IV [ 40 ] . By analogy, the "fast-moving" module of the DHPR would be represented by the N-terminal fragment and the "slower-moving" module by the C-terminal fragment.
To measure DHPR charge movements and to separate these charge movements from those produced by other voltage-gated channels, a) ionic currents were blocked; b) the linear component of the cell capacity was subtracted using a P/4 procedure and by analog compensation; and c) we used a pulse protocol that eliminated the immobilization-sensitive charge movements from voltage-gated Na +channels and presumably also from T-type Ca 2+channels.
Voltage-gated K +channels in non-nerve, non-muscle cells play crucial roles in cell development, proliferation, migration, volume regulation, as well as maintenance of membrane potential and cell viability.
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