Words similar to vesicular
Example sentences for: vesicular
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Rab proteins comprise a large family of Ras-related GTPases that function in the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of proteins in mammalian cells [ 1 2 3 ] . Different Rab proteins reside in specific subcellular membranes or organelles, where they mediate vesicular transport between discrete donor and acceptor compartments in the endocytic or exocytic pathways [ 4 5 ] . Detailed studies of a few Rab proteins ( e.g .; Rab1, Rab5 and Rab9) have led to a general model wherein Rab proteins are presumed to cycle on and off donor and acceptor membranes in connection with changes in their guanine nucleotide state [ 6 7 8 ] . In the active GTP-bound state, Rab proteins associate with budding transport vesicles [ 9 10 11 ] and appear to participate in the assembly of membrane docking complexes [ 12 13 14 ] . Following vesicle fusion with the acceptor compartment and GTP hydrolysis, the inactive GDP-bound Rab is extracted from the membrane by a carrier protein termed guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [ 15 16 17 ] . The GTPase can then re-enter the transport cycle through nucleotide exchange promoted by a specific exchange factor at the donor vesicle membrane [ 18 19 20 ] . In addition to changes in guanine nucleotide state, the posttranslational prenylation of Rab proteins plays an important role in the cycling mechanism.
For direct testing, temperature sensitive mutants in genes involved in vesicular budding from the endoplasmic reticulum were obtained from others and crossed to all mutants isolated in the screen.
Phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) is one of the major intracellular second messengers regulating growth, metabolism and vesicular trafficking [for reviews see refs [ 1 2 3 ] ]. The level of (PIP3) in the cell is determined by the balance of kinase and phosphatase activity.
Vesicular membrane protein (P24), a previously characterized but unmapped gene [ 30 ] has been localized in intracellular organelles of highly differentiated neural cells and may have a role in the neural organelle transport system.
Interestingly, 'swelling' of the Golgi complex with vesicular staining (stage I) was observed in 10-20% of cells, and is most strikingly demonstrated in Fig.
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