Words similar to vesicle
Example sentences for: vesicle
How can you use “vesicle” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
A second type of vesicle, coated by the COPI coat-protein complex, is part of a retrograde pathway that buds off the Golgi membrane and returns proteins that are not targeted for secretion back to the endoplasm [ 3, 4].
Contrary to these findings, other investigations have been unable to demonstrate any changes in sodium/glucose co-transport when examining brush border membrane vesicles [ 28 ] . The up-regulation of intestinal sodium-linked nutrient absorption by cftr may occur via a mechanism that does not involve changes of the brush border membrane but rather intracellular components [ 28 ] . Intestinal sodium-linked nutrient absorption would then be undetectable in brush border membrane vesicle studies.
Prior to use for Western blotting, brush border membrane vesicle suspensions were tested for enrichment of brush border enzymes and showed a 4 - 5-fold increase of alkaline phosphatase and a 10 - 11-fold increase in alpha-glucosidase activity using standard methods [ 19 ] . On densitometric evaluations of Western blots, IBAT concentrations were twice as high in heterozygotes as in controls (17 ± 3 vs. 5 ± 1 density units; p < 0.05) and four times as high in homozygotes (30 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 1 density units; p < 0.05) (Fig.
Rab proteins comprise a large family of Ras-related GTPases that function in the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of proteins in mammalian cells [ 1 2 3 ] . Different Rab proteins reside in specific subcellular membranes or organelles, where they mediate vesicular transport between discrete donor and acceptor compartments in the endocytic or exocytic pathways [ 4 5 ] . Detailed studies of a few Rab proteins ( e.g .; Rab1, Rab5 and Rab9) have led to a general model wherein Rab proteins are presumed to cycle on and off donor and acceptor membranes in connection with changes in their guanine nucleotide state [ 6 7 8 ] . In the active GTP-bound state, Rab proteins associate with budding transport vesicles [ 9 10 11 ] and appear to participate in the assembly of membrane docking complexes [ 12 13 14 ] . Following vesicle fusion with the acceptor compartment and GTP hydrolysis, the inactive GDP-bound Rab is extracted from the membrane by a carrier protein termed guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [ 15 16 17 ] . The GTPase can then re-enter the transport cycle through nucleotide exchange promoted by a specific exchange factor at the donor vesicle membrane [ 18 19 20 ] . In addition to changes in guanine nucleotide state, the posttranslational prenylation of Rab proteins plays an important role in the cycling mechanism.
Genes that encode ER vesicle coat proteins ( SEC13, SEC21, SEC24, COP1, RET2, RET3 and others) were induced with other ER-specific genes in response to the UPR, as discussed above for cluster 58, but were also strongly repressed following long-term nitrogen and carbon starvation, along with hundreds of other genes that function in diverse aspects of secretion and protein synthesis (cluster 72).
Loading...