Words similar to transgenics
Example sentences for: transgenics
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Cyclin D 1 is characterized as the major D-type cyclin controlling G 1 -phase progression in kidney cells, both during normal and abnormal proliferation [ 22 23 ] . To determine whether cyclin D 1 may be active in promoting G 1 → S progression in kidneys expressing HIV-1 genes, we utilized a well-characterized HIV-1 transgenic mouse model (Tg26) of HIVAN [ 11 12 13 ] . Secondary to renal expression of the HIV-1 NL4-3 Δ gag-pol proviral transgene, adolescent Tg26 transgenics develop a progressive, proliferative renal disease marked by podocyte and tubular epithelial hyperplasia that is indistinguishable both clinically and histopathologically from human HIVAN.
As shown in Figure 8, Hoxc-8 expression is elevated in Hoxc-8 transgenic mice, as expected [ 23 ] . Differences also exist between controls and transgenics in expression levels for several genes involved in cartilage development.
As fewer hypertrophic cells are present in Hoxc-8 transgenics, and cartilage maturation is delayed in Hoxc-8transgenic animals [ 1 ] , one would expect to see decreased Collagen X mRNA levels [ 27 ] . Yet, the data clearly indicate that mRNA expression is elevated in transgenic rib chondrocytes.
In order to determine if cyclin D 1 plays a role in this hyperplasia, kidneys from three proteinuric 40-day old transgenic siblings and three non-transgenic littermates were stained by immunohistochemistry with antibody to phospho-pRb (Ser780), a site of cyclin D 1 /CDK-4/6 phosphorylation not targeted by cyclin E/CDK-2 complexes that disrupts pRb/E2F binding for G 1 → S progression [ 24 ] . Figure 1depicts the intense, heterogeneous nuclear staining of glomerular podocytes and tubular epithelium from hyperplastic nephrons in the diseased transgenics versus the absent staining of nephrons in the non-transgenics consistent with the very low mitotic index in normal kidneys of adult animals [ 26 ] . This suggests that cyclin D 1 is promoting cell-cycle progression during the proliferation of epithelium in diseased kidneys.
Nuclei in the proliferating external granule cell layer of P0 transgenics did not contain β-catenin.
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