Words similar to tnf-α
Example sentences for: tnf-α
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Moreover, these cells exhibit decreased apoptosis and increased chemotaxis and TNF-α expression, activities known to be important in early inflammatory responses.
After culturing, the cells were washed once and the medium was changed to DMEM containing 5% FBS, 200 U/ml penicillinG, 10 μg/ml gentamicin, and 0.3 mg/ml L-glutamine with or without 2 ng/ml TNF-α.
MAdCAM-1 has also been detected at high levels on colonic lamina propria venules from mice with hapten induced colitis [ 14], mice injected with TNF-α [ 15], or colitic IL-2 knockout mice [ 16].
IL-1β, which was significantly upregulated in NHBEs following CSC exposure, has been shown to be important for activation of IL-8 [ 6 ] and ICAM-1 [ 4 ] . This is also consistent with the report that epithelial cells regulate inflammatory events by secreting cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and sICAM-1 [ 2 ] . These paracrine effectors can then produce further primary local inflammation or amplify the effects of previously activated macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, or lymphocytes.
TNF-α is a well-characterized, potent inducer of IL-8 transcription and an anti-apoptotic agent [ 30 31 32 ] . Roebuck provides a detailed analysis of IL-8 promoter structure including a promoter recruitment mechanism which involves TNF-α and the cooperativity of NF-kB and NF-IL-6 binding sites [ 4 32 ] . TNF-α exerts many of its effects through TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 receptors, thus co-expression of these receptors with IL-8 might be anticipated.
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