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Example sentences for: surfactant
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Fetuses of diabetic mothers with uncontrolled blood glucose levels tend to be hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic [ 1 ] . An increased incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been observed in infants of diabetic mothers [ 1 ] . RDS is caused by inadequate amounts of pulmonary surfactant due to delayed lung development [ 2 ] . It has been proposed that high insulin levels can delay lung development in the fetus of the diabetic mother [ 3 ] .
Upon verification of successful amplification by gel analysis, each plate of second round PCR products was purified using Multiscreen-PCR plates from Millipore according to the manufacturers specifications, except that a pre-wash was incorporated to remove potential surfactant type agents present in at least some batches of the filtration units.
This probe was a 202-bp fragment of a portion of the rat surfactant protein-B (SP-B) gene (emb|X14778|RNSPB) that is expressed only in type II pneumocytes and Clara cells [ 17].
Surfactant, a lipoprotein comprised of phospholipids (~80%), cholesterol (~10%), and proteins (~10%), functions to reduce surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse at end expiration [ 4 ] . The surfactant-associated proteins (SP) A, B, C and D, which are required for proper surfactant function, are developmentally and hormonally regulated [ 4 ] . We, and others, have shown that the SP-A levels in the amniotic fluid of diabetic mothers are significantly decreased [ 1 ] . Low SP-A levels in amniotic fluid have been correlated with an increased incidence of neonatal RDS [ 5 ] . Our previous studies have shown that insulin down-regulates SP-A mRNA and protein levels in human lung epithelial cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner via an inhibition of gene transcription [ 6 7 ] .
Our findings further characterize the signal transduction pathways that control surfactant protein gene expression.
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