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Example sentences for: scn
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Thus, in both nocturnal and diurnal species, per expression in the cortex is maximal in conjunction with the major waking episode [ 37 49 50 ] . Under conditions where the phase (methamphetamine administration, restricted feeding) or distribution (circadian splitting) of locomotor activity is altered, per expression in the cortex parallels the overt rhythm of wakefulness, whereas the circadian oscillation of per gene expression in the SCN remains unaffected [ 49 51 52 ] . Thus, in contrast to its role in the SCN, PER protein in the cortex is not a component of a self-sustaining circadian oscillator [ 53 ] . Instead, per expression in the cortex seems to the follow sleep-wake history, consistent with the hypothesis that it is related to homeostatic regulation of sleep.
Apart from the present observations in sleep-deprived rats and mice, several other reports confirm that cortical levels of per expression in wild type animals are high at times when sleep drive is high, irrespective of the phase at which the circadian expression of per peaks in the SCN.
In addition, we have found (see below) that nocturnin is expressed in multiple brain regions including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of the central circadian oscillator controlling behavioral rhythmicity [ 26].
In nocturnal rodents, lesioning the SCN results in more fragmented sleep, with lower EEG delta power, but leaving the daily sleep time unchanged [ 6 7 8 31 ] . Lesioning the SCN in a diurnal primate, the squirrel monkey, did result in an increase in NREMS time, but sleep was more fragmented, with a higher proportion of 'light' NREMS [ 5 ] ; i.e., with lower overall levels of EEG delta power.
Deletion of the cryptochromes disinhibits the transcriptional activation of CLOCK:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 target genes, resulting in increased levels of their transcripts in the SCN, liver, and retina [ 20 23 25 ] . We assayed the expression in the brain of three genes that are known targets of cryptochrome mediated transcriptional inhibition: albumin D-binding protein ( dbp [ 26 ] ), period (per)1 , and per2 [ 20 23 27 ] , in the middle of the daily light period.
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