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Example sentences for: rii
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However, a recent study showing the colocalization of D-AKAP1 with RI at the NMJ supports the prediction that localization of the R subunit there requires interaction with an AKAP [ 17 ] . RII has been shown to be associated with mAKAP in heart and skeletal muscle [ 20 21 ] ; however, little is known regarding the expression patterns of RII and AKAPs in the perijunctional regions.
The following antibodies were used in a dilution of 1:1,000: TGFβ 1 (Santa Cruz [sc], sc-146), p-Tyr (sc-7020), β 6 -integrin (sc-6632), α V -integrin (sc-6617), p125 FAK(sc-557), TGFβ 1 -RI (sc-402), TGFβ 1 -RII (sc-400-G), ERK1/2-P (sc-7383), SMAD2/3 (sc-6033), SOS1/2 (sc-259), p130 cas(UBI-06-500), PCNA (sc-56), p21 WAF1(sc-6246), p27 KIP(sc-1641), c-fos (sc-7202), c-jun (sc-44), raf1 (sc-133), p21 Ras(sc-35) and phospho-threonine antibody (New England Biolabs, # 9381).
This TGFβ 1 -induced expression profile was not affected by preincubation of SMAD4 deleted BxPC-3 cells with a TGFβ 1 -RII blocking antibody, which was able to completely block TGFβ 1 -induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, thus demonstrating the independence of the TGFβ 1 -signaling from the known SMAD pathway in BxPC-3 cells.
This putative association is strengthened by finding for the first time that targeting of RIα requires the AKAP binding surface [ 17 ] . Yotiao is another AKAP enriched at the NMJ, but appears to bind only RII [ 30 ] . PKA phosphorylates the nAChR when stimulated at the synapse by the neuropeptide CGRP and by adenosine from muscle responding to acetylcholine [reviewed by [ 31 ] ]. This phosphorylation may regulate the degradation of the nAChR [ 32 ] . Consistent with the action at the presynapse, it was shown that PKA facilitation of acetylcholine release is dependent on nerve endplate calcium concentration [ 33 ] . Based on our observation of colocalization with synaptophysin at presynaptic vesicles, RIα may be the isotype that influences this release of neurotransmitter.
Cells with the highest granularity expressed TGFβ1-RII, while cells with medium granularity had high levels of α-SMA and ED-A fibronectin (not shown, please, see additional file 2: Additional data #2.ppt).
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