Words similar to retinoblastoma
Example sentences for: retinoblastoma
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Cortical astrocytes were harvested from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and infected with a replication-defective retrovirus encoding Tag and neomycin resistance as previously described [ 13 ] . The transferred viruses were SV40-6 [ 5 ] , in which wild type Tag is expressed from the M-MuLV LTR promoter; SV(X)T K1, which is constructed the same as SV40-6 except that the Tag is mutant [ 38 ] and defective for binding the retinoblastoma protein family [ 39 ] ; Linker-tkT, in which the cDNA for Tag is expressed from the herpes simplex 1 tk promoter [ 11 ] . The differentiation and transformation phenotypes of the cell lines utilizing the M-MuLV LTR promoter have been described [ 6 13 ] . The Linker-tkT lines (tkT) were either isolated as clones after G418 selection (as previously described) [ 6 ] or frozen immediately after selection (pooled clones) and clonally selected at a later time.
Cell-associated HS proteoglycans can undergo regulated shedding from the membrane into the soluble extracellular matrix or culturing medium converting the membrane anchored molecules into soluble effectors [ 1 2 ] . In the conditioned media of all the tested batches of retinoblastoma cells, we detected heparin and HS with binding affinity for PEDF.
These observations showed that a component(s) secreted by retinoblastoma cells enhanced the PEDF-receptor interactions.
Given that binding to cell-surface receptors is the first step in the biological activity of PEDF, we used human retinoblastoma Y-79 cells and their conditioned media (CM) as sources of functional PEDF receptors and extracellular matrix components, respectively, to examine the GAG content in CM and their effects on PEDF ligand-receptor interactions.
Candidate mechanisms for the block of proliferation by C/EBPα include 1) activation of the gene promoters of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 [ 37 ] , gadd45 [ 5 6 ] , gas2 and gas3 [ 38 39 ] , 2) post-transcriptional stabilization of p21 [ 22 ] , or 3) interactions of C/EBPα with cell cycle proteins including p21 [ 22 24 25 55 ] , CDK2 [ 25 36 ] , CDK4 [ 36 ] , retinoblastoma [ 54 ] , the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 [ 34 ] and the G1/S-regulating E2F transcription complex [ 26 33 ] (Fig.
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