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Example sentences for: reductases
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Pietrokovski's webpage on inteins http://blocks.fhcrc.org/~pietro/inteins/currently lists more than 100 inteins in 34 different types of proteins [ 9 ] . The host proteins are diverse in function, including metabolic enzymes, DNA and RNA polymerases, gyrases, proteases, ribonucleotide reductases, and vacuolar and archaeal type ATPases.
Thus, the suggestion that the three previously reported classes of arsenate reductases developed through convergent evolution [ 30 ] seems flawed: not only does arsC phylogeny show broad parallels to the accepted 16S rRNA phylogeny, but deep bacterial divisions appear to possess the distinct arsenate reductases that would be expected from divergence from a common origin.
A simple phylogenetic tree showing the relationships between the arsenate reductases of seven Bacteria (those that had been confirmed to possess the gene at that time) was presented as part of a study that identified the arsenic resistance genes of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (now Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ) [ 27 ] . Saltikov and Olson [ 28 ] used probes/primers based on the E. coli ars operon to detect ars genes in natural environments, and presented a phylogenetic analysis of these genes, however their analysis was largely confined to enteric bacteria (those that were similar enough to E. coli to be detected) and they emphasized the arsB gene rather than arsC . As part of a review of microbial arsenic transformations, we recently determined a preliminary arsC phylogeny based on 19 sequences [ 29 ] . These three studies reported phylogenies that suggested a common origin for the ars genes examined [ 27 28 29 ] . An alternative view suggested by Mukhopadhyay et al.
[ 30 ] is that three distinct classes of arsenate reductases exist, which have developed similar mechanisms and reaction centers through convergent evolution.
It should also be noted that some of the non-orthologous sequences represent putative arsC genes identified from ORF's, rather than confirmed arsenate reductases.
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