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Example sentences for: rb
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, transduction by retrovirus and selection for drug resistance) produces immortal cell lines with limited transformation phenotypes [ 4 5 ] . However, expression of Tag has profound effects on the cell cycle, significantly reducing cell doubling time and increasing saturation density [ 4 5 6 ] . These direct effects of Tag result from binding and inactivation of the retinoblastoma family proteins (p130, Rb, p107) and the tumor suppressor, p53 [ 7 8 9 ] . Tag is rate limiting for G 1 transit, and this effect (as well as saturation density and growth in soft agar) is Tag-dose dependent [ 3 10 11 12 ] . Since the cell lines in this study are capable of entering a quiescent state at saturation density [ 6 ] , one might expect that the levels of Tag would decrease at saturation and as cells progressively slow down as a function of cell density.
PCC 7120, Ap: Aeropyrum pernix , At: Arabidopsis thaliana , Atu: Agrobacterium tumefaciens , Ban: Bacillus anthracis , Bb: Borrelia burgdorferi , Bha: Bacillus halodurans , BPRB49: Bacteriophage RB49, Bs: Bacillus subtilis , Cac: Clostridium acetobutylicum , Cau: Chloroflexus aurantiacus , Ccr: Caulobacter crescentus , Ce: Caenorhabditis elegans , Chte: Chlorobium tepidum , Cgl: Corynebacterium glutamicum , Cpe: Clostridium perfringens , Ddi: Dictyostelium discoideum , Dm: Drosophila melanogaster , Ec: Escherichia coli , Gme: Geobacter metallireducens , Hi: Haemophilus influenzae , Hs: Homo sapiens , Hsp: Halobacterium sp., Lin: Listeria innocua , Lla: Lactococcus lactis , Lmo: Listeria monocytogenes , Mac: Methanosarcina acetivorans , Mcsp: Magnetococcus sp.
Of these, 15 genes ( MGMT , RASSF1A , APC , RARB , CDH1 , MLH1 , TIMP3 , GSTP1 , DAPK , CDKN2A , p14 ARF , BRCA1 , FHIT , TP73 , and HIC1 ) had previously been shown to be commonly methylated in various solid tumor types [ 4 ] . Six additional genes ( RB1 , NME1 , NME2 , BTG1 , NEDD1 , and APAF1 ) were studied because of their possible involvement in genetic alterations in GCT as indicated by LOH studies [ 8 9 10 ] . The RB1 gene at 13q14.
The primers used for amplification of methylated and unmethylated promoters of genes RARB , TIMP3 , CDKN2A , p14 ARF , MGMT , DAPK , CDH1 , GSTP1 , APC promoter 1A, RB1 , MLH1 , TP73 , BRCA1 , FHIT , and HIC1 have been described previously http://pathology2.jhu.edu/pancreas/prim0425.htm#MSP; [ 32 47 48 49 ] . Methylated (MF and MR) and unmethylated (UF and UR) primers for RASSF1A promoter were designed according to Herman et al [ 46 ] and as described earlier [ 50 ] . PCR products were run on 2% agarose gels and visualized after ethidium bromide staining.
8. Davis DA, Thamson MA, Oxman AD, Haynes RB.
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