Words similar to ras-
Example sentences for: ras-
How can you use “ras-” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The TCR and IL-2 receptors activate some shared signaling pathways, such as the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase and PI-3-kinase pathways [ 38 ] . However, there are differences, such as the Jak-Stat pathway, which is unique to the cytokines [ 39 ] , and the Ca++/Calcineurin pathway, which is activated by the TCR.
Accordingly, the TCFs have been found to be targets of the Ras-Raf-MAPK signal transduction pathway [ 16].
[for reviews see refs [ 31 ] , [ 39 40 41 ] ]. The IGF-IR appears to function in transformation both by preventing apoptosis through activation of Akt and by stimulating proliferation through the ras-MAPK cascade.
Cumulatively, however, these observations do suggest a mechanism whereby HIV-1 expression in renal epithelium may induce cyclin D 1 : activation of Src-family kinases by Nef would be expected to up-regulate cyclin D 1 gene expression and promote the synthesis and stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein via Src-Ras-MAPK and Src-PI3K-mTOR signal transduction pathways, respectively [ 32 33 34 ] . Interestingly, our unpublished in vitro observations and published data showing marked expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in the interstitium of HIVAN kidneys [ 35 ] suggest that soluble mitogens may be important cofactors with HIV-1 expression to induce cyclin D 1 . Thus, interrupting HIV-1 gene expression should down-regulate cyclin D 1 and correct the phenotypic abnormalities in infected podocytes.
The down-regulation is most apparent on cellular receptors that have intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity and signal transduction members that mediate RTK function; including the Ras-Raf-MEK pathway, and co-activators such as p300/CBP and SRC-1, which mediate gene expression related to hormone receptor genes.
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