Words similar to pthrp
Example sentences for: pthrp
How can you use “pthrp” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Furthermore, our previous work has shown that, in invasive breast cancer cells, Ets proteins activate the PTHrP P3 promoter in cooperation with Smad3 [ 19 ] . In this context it is interesting to note that TGFβ signalling seemed to target the ets-1 and ets-2 gene (Fig.
Evidence has been accumulated that TGFβ promotes late-stage tumorigenesis by stimulating angiogenesis and invasive behaviour of tumor cells, enhancing immunosuppression and supporting epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells [ 4 ] . Furthermore, TGFβ is believed to be part of a vicious circle in bone metastases as it gets released from osteoclast-degraded bone substance and subsequently stimulates PTHrP gene expression in nearby metastatic cancer cells which in turn leads to an activation of osteoclastic bone resorption [ 11 ] . Therefore, it is of great interest to understand in more detail the molecular aspects of TGFβ-mediated gene expression in metastatic breast cancer cells and to explore ways to interfere with this tumorigenic signalling.
TGFβ has been shown also to stabilize the mRNA of the smad7 gene [ 25 ] , while stabilization of RNA does not play a major role in regulation of the pthrp gene in MDA-MB-231 cells [ 19 ] . In addition, SB-203580 also inhibits p38 activity which has been shown to play a role in TGFβ signalling [ 36 37 38 39 40 41 ] . Hence, several factors could be responsible for the differential sensitivity of TGFβ-responsive genes to SB-203580.
The smad7 gene contains a perfect palindromic Smad binding element (GTCTAGAC) while the pai-1 and the pthrp promoters harbor AGAC tandem repeats [ 19 33 ] which binds Smad proteins less efficiently [ 34 ] . The upa gene contains only an AP1-binding site which resembles the Smad3/4-responsive AGAC motif [ 35 ] . A weaker binding site could require Smad3 to be present at higher concentrations for efficient binding and would make TGFβ-dependent transcription from a gene more vulnerable to reduced nuclear accumulation of the Smad3 protein.
TGFβ induced pai-1 mRNA was reduced to approximately 50% by the SB inhibitor, whereas TGFβ-mediated expression of PTHrP and uPA was highly sensitive to SB-203580 treatment.
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