Words similar to pcd
Example sentences for: pcd
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MAP kinases (Mitogen-Activated Protein kinases) have very important roles in PCD.
The HR occurs in response to infection with avirulent bacteria at levels of inoculum that cause a large percentage of leaf cells to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) [ 8 ] . In contrast to results with avrRpt2, P. syringae bacteria carrying the avirulence genes avrB , avrRpm1 , avrPphB or avrRps4 elicit an exaggerated HR relative to that on the wild-type Columbia parent [ 5 7 ] . In a study in which bacteria carrying avrB were chosen as a representative member of this class, in further contrast to results with avrRpt2 , these bacteria were capable of eliciting SAR and PR-1 induction on ndr1-1 mutant plants [ 4 ] .
This plasmid, called pCD1 [ 1 ] in Y. pestis , encodes for a type III secretion apparatus necessary for the translocation of effector proteins (Yops) into eukaryotic target cells [ 2 ] . The net result of this polarized toxin translocation is the disruption of eukaryotic cell signalling and structure [ 2 ] . Induction of the virulence-related genes on pCD1 is linked to an in vitro phenomenon termed the Low Calcium Response (LCR).
15d-PGJ 2 , 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ 2 ; AP-1, activator protein-1; ERK, p42/44, Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase; LDL, low density lipoprotein; MAP kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein kinases; MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide); PCD, programmed cell death; PPARs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; SAPK/JNK, Stress-Activated Protein Kinase/ c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase.
pCD1 in KIM8-3002.
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