Words similar to pai
Example sentences for: pai
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It is informative to compare the epigenetic interactions of the 35S:GFP-COP1 transgenes with those of the PAI (trans)genes, the only other well-characterized system in Arabidopsis [ 12 ] . Both gene sets consist of relatively simple repeat structures and singlet loci, which reside in essentially single-copy environments of Arabidopsis ( [ 27 ] and unpublished observations).
For example, an inverted repeat allele of the tryptophan biosynthetic gene PAI resident in the WS ecotype of Arabidopsis silences homologous PAI alleles, as well as unlinked PAI genes, from the Columbia ecotype [ 2 ] . Likewise, complex synthetic transgenes composed of PAI inverted repeats were able to trans-methylate homologous, yet non-allelic, target loci [ 12 ] . Similar events have been observed in other species [e.g.
Paramutation has been studied extensively for four maize loci that encode transcriptional regulators of pigment biosynthesis [ 1 ] . Paramutation has also been investigated in the Arabidopsis PAI gene family, at the a1 and chalcone synthase (CHS) transgene loci in petunia, and in a number of other cases [ 2 3 4 ] . The Arabidopsis resistance gene BAL/CPR1 displays a related form of epigenetic instability [ 5 6 ] . Interactions resembling paramutation also occur among non-allelic transgene loci with DNA sequence homology.
Likewise, Arabidopsis PAI2 and PAI3 genes that have been trans-methylated by the PAI1/PAI4 locus do not transfer their methylation status to naive singlet genes [ 12 ] . In fact, there are few well-documented cases for the non-allelic relay of trans-silencing ability [ 11 24 ] . Does this amount to an operational difference between allelic (paramutation) and non-allelic (trans-silencing) interactions, or does it simply reflect a lack of data?
PAI conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination.
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