Words similar to neurotoxin
Example sentences for: neurotoxin
How can you use “neurotoxin” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
5) with short insect toxins, and shows highest percentage identity with peptide I (68%) and LQH-8/6 (68%) followed by neurotoxin P2 (66%), chlorotoxin (64%), insectotoxin I5A (60%), insect toxin I5 (60%) and insectotoxin II (52%) [ 11 22 23 24 25 26 27 ] .
.. ", together with paralytic, neurotoxic, diarrhetic and ciguatera fish poisoning (FDA website: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/haccp-2f.html) [ 14 ] . Recent behavioral toxicity studies in rodents, have confirmed that domoic acid is a very rapid and potent neurotoxin in newborn rats, at doses far lower than in adult animals [ 15 16 17 ] . Even though hippocampal pyramidal neurons and mossy fiber terminals appear to be selectively targeted in vivo by domoic acid in rat [ 18 ] and cynomolgus monkey brain [ 19 ] , recently domoic acid was shown to affect glutamate uptake by astrocytes in vitro and " ...thus produced neurotoxicity.
The neurotoxin P2 (35 ammo acids), another short toxin and a structural homologue of short insectotoxin II and 15, shows toxicity towards Sarcophaga falculata and crustaceans [ 26 ] . Chlorotoxin, isolated from Leiurus quinquestriatus haebraeus, shows Cl -channel-blocking activity and causes paralysis due to the inhibition of structurally related anion channels such as the extrajunctional channels of arthropod muscles [ 11 ] . It has also been reported that the short insectotoxin I5A may act on a "glutamate receptor of the postsynaptic membrane" [ 22 ] . Although no specific experimental evidence is available on the mode of action of ButaIT, it is assumed that ButaIT exerts similar ion channel blocking activity as that of other short insect toxins.
Within the Elapidae family in Trinidad there are two poisonous coral snakes ( Micrurus lemniscatus , Micrurus circinalis ) which rarely bite dogs or humans since they are small, rare, and have retracted fangs [ 7 ] . Micrurus venom has moderate effects on blood coagulation and tissue integrity however victims rarely survive because the potent neurotoxin in the venom causes a postsynaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission [ 6 ] . The neurotoxin can cause cranial nerve paralysis leading to neurotoxic facies or respiratory paralysis and death [ 6 ] .
Similarly, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) are intracellular calcium release channels involved in diverse signaling pathways and are required for the activation of T lymphocytes [ 33 ] . Tat (also implicated as a neurotoxin) has been shown to release calcium from inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor-regulated stores in neurons and astrocytes causing premature apoptosis [ 34 ] . Down-regulation of IP3 may therefore contribute to viral latency and maintenance of an anti-apoptotic state in cells.
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