Words similar to neonatal
Example sentences for: neonatal
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[ 33 ] established that neonatal exposure to estrogen is essential to feminine-specific brain organization to the extent that the brain can respond appropriately to the organizing effects of subsequent estrogen exposure.
Having determined that our domoic acid preparation was stable and undegraded, that rat neonatal microglia expressed GluR4 in vitro and that 1 mM domoic acid was toxic to cerebellar granule neurons in vitro but did not affect the viability of rat neonatal microglia, we then investigated whether a short term 1-6 hour exposure to 1 mM domoic acid would activate rat neonatal microglia in vitro.
Prolonged feeding with over fortified milk or vitamin preparations has been reported as sources of excess intake of vitamin D. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism resulting from inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis or tuberculosis or as seen in neonatal fat necrosis are additional potential causes, albeit highly unlikely in young infants [ 12 ] . The mechanism is thought to be due to increased 1á-hydroxylase activity leading to increased production of 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D.
For example, lack of enteral feeding plays an important role in the development of cholestasis in the neonatal period, possibly mediated by direct hepatotoxic activity of bile salts [ 5].
It is interesting to note, however, that in newborn mice a brief local application of 2 mM domoic acid to the exposed cortical surface led to a massive degeneration of AMPA/KA GluR receptor positive Cajal-Retzius neurons [ 44 ] , severe impairment of cortical neuronal migration in vivo and malformation of the domoic acid-treated neocortex [ 44 ] . Thus, because 1 mM domoic acid was clearly toxic to cerebellar granule neurons both in vitro (our current study) and in vivo [ 44 ] , we selected 1 mM domoic acid for the experiments with rat neonatal microglia reported herein.
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