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Example sentences for: myosin-
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Conversion of the concentration ratios into real fractional amounts of total myosin-II at different stages of cytokinesis
About 10% of the total cellular myosin-II are required in the cylindrical shape and the amount decreases to about 5% by the dumbbell shape.
The intensities recorded in ratio images are proportional to local GFP-myosin-II concentrations and were used to measure the accumulation and dynamics of myosin-II distribution.
In an animal cell, cytokinesis involves the generation of force in the region of the contractile ring (reviewed in [ 1 ] ). This was first appreciated in the 1960's when Rappaport demonstrated that the cleavage furrow cortex of echinoderm eggs produced force that was capable of bending a glass needle (reviewed in [ 1 ] ). Using calibrated needles, Rappaport directly measured the force that the contractile ring produced [ 2 ] . During the 1970's, nonmuscle myosin-II, the equivalent of the force producing molecule of skeletal muscle, was shown to localize to the region of the cleavage furrow cortex, suggesting the molecular basis for contractile force (reviewed in [ 1 3 ] ). Indeed, subsequent genetic studies revealed a nearly ubiquitous requirement for nonmuscle myosin-II during cytokinesis in organisms ranging from the cellular slime molds to metazoans (reviewed in [ 3 ] ).
We then consider the mechanical properties of myosin-II that have been measured using modern biophysical tools [ 11 12 13 14 ] to estimate how much myosin-II would be required to generate a particular amount of force.
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