Words similar to muscarinic
Example sentences for: muscarinic
How can you use “muscarinic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
suggesting that muscarinic receptors at supraspinal and spinal sites are involved and may account for our effects after clozapine i.t.
2 ml into the bladder the distal, cut end of the pelvic nerve was stimulated with a long train (5 Hz; 1 msec pulse width; 60 sec train; 30-300 (uamps) to elicit a prolonged contraction displaying two phases: Phase I, a rapid contraction and Phase II, a plateau phase [ 20 21 ] . Phase I is resistant to atropine, and therefore is mostly due to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic activation, whereas Phase II is highly sensitive to muscarinic blockade [ 21 ] . Olanzapine (n = 4) and risperidone (n = 4) were administered (0.
atropine [ 19 ] ) and since clozapine has high affinity for muscarinic receptors it is likely that peripheral anti-muscarinic effects of clozapine are responsible for the reduction in contraction time after systemic administration.
Muscarinic blockade with atropine decreased micturition pressure and micturition volume, while increasing residual volume [ 30 ] and bladder capacity [ 31 ] . Similarly, central administration of atropine decreased peak pressure and voiding efficiency while increasing bladder capacity in awake rats [ 32 ] . Thus it is possible that central and/or peripheral muscarinic blockade by olanzapine may have contributed to some of the changes observed in these parameters in the present study.
Clozapine is a widely used atypical neuroleptic with affinity for multiple receptors, including dopamine, serotonin, alpha adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminergic receptors [ 1 2 ] . Although clozapine is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia refractory to traditional antipsychotic medication, it also has a number of significant side effects ranging from the potentially fatal but rare agranulocytosis to weight gain, constipation, seizures and urinary incontinence [ 3 ] . Urinary problems have been reported in the clinical literature with incontinence present in up to 44% of patients [ 4 ] and enuresis in 27% of patients [ 5 ] . Since clozapine has potent anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha adrenergic effects [ 2 ] , it has been proposed that peripheral effects on the lower urinary tract might be responsible for the micturition disturbances [ 6 ] . Incontinence has also been reported following therapy with other atypical neuroleptics such as risperidone [ 7 8 9 ] and recently, olanzapine [ 10 ] .
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