Words similar to mitogen
Example sentences for: mitogen
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In the RARα amino terminus, a consensus mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation sequence was found to be a target of cyclin H and cdk7 [ 7 ] . RARα was shown to bind the cyclin H/cdk7 complex in vitro and phosphorylation of serine 77 enhanced the transactivation function of RARα.
Initially the nomenclature of IL-1 and IL-2 was created to delineate the sequential action of an assumed single macrophage-derived soluble factor (IL-1), which promoted the production of a single lymphocyte-derived factor (IL-2) [ 14 15 25 ] . However, the molecular nature of the LAF activity was never fully elucidated, even after the isolation and identification of multiple mitogen/endotoxin-stimulated macrophage-derived products, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α).
MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
4-aminopyridine (4-AP); analysis of variance (ANOVA); 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (8-CPT-cAMP); 4',4' diisothicyanato-stilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS); bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol (DiBAC 4 (3)); 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT); Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM); enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); fetal bovine serum (FBS); follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); granulosa cells (GC); human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES); 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD); 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX); least significant difference (LSD); luteinizing hormone (LH); mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK); 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-[1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-diylbis(5-methoxy-6,2-benzofurandiyl)]bis-, tetrakis [(acetyloxy)methyl] ester (PBFI-AM); phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); protein kinase A (PKA); sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR); tris-buffered saline (TBS).
Our finding that 24 h exposure to 4-AP decreased the number of viable GC in serum-free but not serum-supplemented primary cultures is consistent with the reported effects of 4-AP and other K +channel antagonists on other cell types [ 8 43 44 ] . It has been shown that the concentrations of K +channel antagonists required to inhibit growth of human bladder tumor cells can be 70 times higher in the presence than the absence of serum [ 43 ] . 4-AP has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human myelobastic leukemia cells by preventing growth factor activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [ 42 ] . This mechanism may be responsible for the anti-proliferative effect of 4-AP manifest in Table 1. It is likely that MAPK pathways are less robust in GC grown in defined serum-free vs. serum-supplemented media; however, validation of this hypothesis would require additional experiments beyond the scope of the present investigation.
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