Words similar to mitogen
Example sentences for: mitogen
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This was correlated with the induction of total mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, as well as NF-κB and cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein transcription factor activity in the cells.
Initially the nomenclature of IL-1 and IL-2 was created to delineate the sequential action of an assumed single macrophage-derived soluble factor (IL-1), which promoted the production of a single lymphocyte-derived factor (IL-2) [ 14 15 25 ] . However, the molecular nature of the LAF activity was never fully elucidated, even after the isolation and identification of multiple mitogen/endotoxin-stimulated macrophage-derived products, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α).
In the RARα amino terminus, a consensus mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation sequence was found to be a target of cyclin H and cdk7 [ 7 ] . RARα was shown to bind the cyclin H/cdk7 complex in vitro and phosphorylation of serine 77 enhanced the transactivation function of RARα.
cPLA 2 is phosphorylated by mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, including p42/p44 ERKs and p38, on Ser 505in vitro [ 16 17 ] and in response to receptor stimulation [ 16 18 19 20 21 ] . In addition to phosphorylation by MAP kinase, it has been shown that cPLA 2 is also phosphorylated on Ser 727by MAPK-interacting kinase I (MNKI) [ 22 ] and on Ser 515by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II [ 23 ] . Phosphorylation of these sites may also play a role in regulating cPLA 2 function in certain cell models.
We have earlier demonstrated that TGF-β in part mediates the immunosuppressive effects of these drugs [ 11 12 21 22 ] and therefore the increased levels of TGF-β may partially explain the increased inhibition of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation.
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