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Example sentences for: mirnas
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miRseeker subjects conserved intronic and intergenic sequences to an RNA folding and evaluation procedure to identify evolutionarily constrained hairpin structures with features characteristic of known miRNAs.
Our collective ignorance of the totality of non-coding RNA genes was laid bare by recent work on microRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant family of 21-22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs [ 2 3 ] . The founding members of this family, lin-4 and let-7, were identified through forward analysis of extant Caenorhabditis elegans mutants [ 4 5 ] . Both of these RNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of developmental timing that function by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of target genes [ 5 6 7 8 ] . Although they were long regarded as genetic curiosities possibly specific to nematodes, let-7 was subsequently found to be broadly conserved across bilaterian evolution [ 9 ] and miRNA genes are now recognized as a pervasive and widespread feature of animal and plant genomes [ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ] .
The expression profiles of computationally identifed miRNAs during development were much more heterogenous than those of the known set of embryonically derived miRNAs [ 10 ] . We identified miRNAs whose expression was highly restricted to individual developmental periods (embryogenesis, larval/pupal development, or adulthood), ones expressed in two of these developmental windows, and ones expressed throughout development, either at a relatively uniform level or in a progressive fashion.
This contrasts with observations of miRNAs in vertebrates, where the majority of known miRNAs are members of paralogous gene sets [ 31 ] . The most extreme examples of this disparity are let-7 and mir-29 , which are present in single copies in Drosophila , but are represented by thirteen and six distinct human homologs, respectively.
It is presumed that most of them will form RNA duplexes with complementary sequences in mRNA, but direct regulatory relationships are known for only a handful of miRNAs.
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