Words similar to metazoans
Example sentences for: metazoans
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In an animal cell, cytokinesis involves the generation of force in the region of the contractile ring (reviewed in [ 1 ] ). This was first appreciated in the 1960's when Rappaport demonstrated that the cleavage furrow cortex of echinoderm eggs produced force that was capable of bending a glass needle (reviewed in [ 1 ] ). Using calibrated needles, Rappaport directly measured the force that the contractile ring produced [ 2 ] . During the 1970's, nonmuscle myosin-II, the equivalent of the force producing molecule of skeletal muscle, was shown to localize to the region of the cleavage furrow cortex, suggesting the molecular basis for contractile force (reviewed in [ 1 3 ] ). Indeed, subsequent genetic studies revealed a nearly ubiquitous requirement for nonmuscle myosin-II during cytokinesis in organisms ranging from the cellular slime molds to metazoans (reviewed in [ 3 ] ).
Nematodes are the most abundant and speciose metazoans, and account for up to 80% of the kingdom's members [ 1 ] . Not surprisingly, nematodes have evolved to occupy diverse ecological niches.
In addition, other plant miRNAs may proceed through precursors of noncanonical structure, such as multiple stem-loops or stem-loops of poor quality [ 14 ] . The existence of these types of pre-miRNAs in metazoans is unknown at present.
The Toll-like receptor family [ 49], which has evolutionary roots throughout invertebrate metazoans for pattern-based recognition of bacterial and fungal cell-surface components [ 50], activate NFκB through convergent pathways involving the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), the adaptor protein MyD88, TRAF6, NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK), and IκB kinase (Iκk) [ 51].
An amino acid comparison of NPM3 with these other members of the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family from various metazoans reveals extensive sequence identities and similarities throughout all of NPM3 except the C-terminal 16 residues (Figure 3).
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