Words similar to lymphocyte-derived
Example sentences for: lymphocyte-derived
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Instead, it appeared that the initial activation of cellular competence triggered by the mitogenic lectins was amplified by the LAF activity, which became known later as IL-1, and led to the secretion of the lymphocyte-derived IL-2 and the expression of IL-2Rs [ 14 15 ] . The subsequent interaction of IL-2 with the IL-2Rs then stimulated blastic transformation and progression through G 1 and into the S phase of the cell cycle, followed by mitosis [ 16 ] . Furthermore, detailed studies indicated that successful activation of the IL-2R is a quantal (i.e.
With the description of lymphocyte-derived growth factor activities in the 1960s and 1970s, it was realized that activated lymphocytes secrete soluble factors that are critical for subsequent lymphocyte proliferation [ 2 3 ] . Moreover, in 1967 it was demonstrated that monocytes or macrophages serve as necessary accessory cells for the lymphocyte activation process [ 4 ] . Then, in the early 1970s several reports indicated that mitogen- or endotoxin-stimulated macrophages release soluble lymphocyte activating factors (LAFs) that also amplify the activation process [ 5 6 ] . Accordingly, lymphokines and monokines, which collectively came to be known as cytokines, became prime research subjects for those interested in lymphocyte activation [ 7 8 ] . However, it was not until the 1980s that the cell surface and soluble molecules responsible for the complex cellular changes of lymphocyte activation were identified.
Accordingly, it is obvious that addition of a polyclonal activating ligand such as phytohemagglutinin to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) leads to the activation of soluble macrophage-derived and lymphocyte-derived activating factors, and the almost simultaneous activation of multiple cell surface receptors, signaling pathways and transcription factors that ultimately all contribute to lymphocyte activation.
Initially the nomenclature of IL-1 and IL-2 was created to delineate the sequential action of an assumed single macrophage-derived soluble factor (IL-1), which promoted the production of a single lymphocyte-derived factor (IL-2) [ 14 15 25 ] . However, the molecular nature of the LAF activity was never fully elucidated, even after the isolation and identification of multiple mitogen/endotoxin-stimulated macrophage-derived products, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α).
With the isolation of the lymphocyte-derived molecule responsible for T cell Growth Factor (TCGF) activity, which came to be known as interleukin 2 (IL-2) [ 9 10 ] , and discovery of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) [ 11 ] , it could be shown that mitogenic lectins and specific antigens triggered an initial activation event, which was analogous to the activation of cell cycle "competence" by serum-stimulated fibroblasts, and resulted in transition from the G 0 to the G 1 phase of the cell cycle [ 12 13 ] . However, just as in serum-stimulated fibroblasts, this initial activation event did not result in lymphocyte proliferation.
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