Words similar to laminins
Example sentences for: laminins
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However, several other researchers have reported that laminins including laminin-1 (LN1) also induce receptor aggregation in cultured mouse muscle cells [ 1 2 3 ] . At this time the LN1 stimulation pathway is not well understood, but it has been argued from several lines of evidence to be at least partially distinct from the agrin pathway.
This is based on aggregation assays showing different time courses, additive dose response relationships, and differential co-localization of the dystrophin complex, and on biochemical observations indicating the lack of requirement for MuSK, and the lack of tyrosine-phosphorylation of receptors during LN1 but not agrin induced aggregation [ 1 2 4 ] . The very minimal receptor aggregation seen in agrin deficient mice certainly argues that laminins are not sufficient to trigger receptor aggregation [ 5 ] . More recently we have shown that agrin and LN1 induced aggregates can also be differentiated on the basis of the ultrastructural arrangement of receptors within aggregates [ 6 ] .
For example, cadherin 13 ( CDH13 ), versican ( CSPG2 ), collagen 8A1 ( COL8A1 ), collagen 12A1 ( COL12A1 ), P4HA2 (encoding a procollagen-modifying enzyme) all showed relatively low expression in the genital skin fibroblasts of normal males, whereas tenascin XB ( TNXB ), nidogen 2 ( NID2 ), laminins ( LAMA3 , LAMA4 ) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ( TIMP1 ) all showed relatively high expression levels compared to AIS-derived fibroblasts (Figure 2).
Among the genes that are important in notochord development are those that encode laminins.
A number of in vitro model systems have thus been developed to study EC activation that employs either one or more combinations of ECM molecules including fibrin, fibronectin, collagens, laminins, and Matrigel ®matrices together with PMA and FGF [ 7 8 9 ] . When placed in a 3D type I collagen matrix and stimulated with PMA, VEGF, or bFGF, ECs undergo rapid morphological changes and differentiate into capillary-like tubular networks.
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