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Example sentences for: ias
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About 90% of SAH cases are caused by a ruptured IA [ 1 ] . Per-case mortality for ruptured IAs is about 30 to 50% and morbidity about 66% as opposed to about 2% mortality and 4% morbidity for elective surgery of unruptured IAs in asymptomatic low-risk patients [ 2 3 ] . Given the marked contrast between the outcomes of elective versus emergency surgery, the goal has to be identification and treatment of IAs prior to rupture.
Currently, several risk factors have been identified including cigarette smoking, arterial hypertension, gender, aging, atherosclerosis and heavy alcohol consumption [ 9 10 11 12 ] . Initial indications of a genetic component were based on collections of case reports that suggested that IAs are associated with some rare simple Mendelian disorders, e.g. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Ehlers Danlos syndrome type IV and the Marfan syndrome [ 13 ] . More recent systematic prevalence estimates indicate either absence of association or markedly reduced prevalence of IA among patients with rare simple Mendelian disorders [ 14 15 ] . Also, genetic analyses of genes known to cause some simple Mendelian disorders have proven negative for collections of patients with IA [ 16 17 ] . The familial occurrence of IAs not associated with known simple Mendelian disorders was first noted in 1942 [ 18 ] and, since then, nearly one hundred case reports and review articles have been published.
We used robust, model-free, allele-sharing genetic analyses to address the complexity, we studied a relatively genetically homogenous population, and we verified that all putative IAs were saccular [ 1 20 41 42 43 ] . It is expected that a genetically homogeneous population, particularly one with a recent population bottleneck [ 37 38 ] , segregates for fewer disease loci thereby allowing a smaller sample size to be informative.
The relatively high prevalence of IAs and aneurysmal SAH place the disease in the group of moderately common disorders.
Population-based studies of SAH probands show that 7 to 10% have a family history of IA, a higher percentage than previously appreciated [ 1 19 20 ] . These familial IA (FIA) families have no signs of any other simple Mendelian disorders predisposing to IA, supporting the possibility that some or all IAs have a genetic component, and that FIA is a genetic disease separate and apart from previously defined diseases.
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