Words similar to homozygously

Example sentences for: homozygously

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The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (also called MMAC1) has been found deleted or mutated in a great variety of human tumors and tumor cell lines [ 1 2 3 ] , and its tumor suppressing function has been confirmed in several in vitro studies [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ] . Mice which are homozygously deficient in wild-type PTEN die during embryonic development and harbor regions of increased cellular proliferation, whereas heterozygous mice are viable but spontaneously develop tumors of various origins [ 11 12 ] .
In several cell lines, particularly in pancreatic carcinoma cells, resistance to TGFβ 1 could be attributed to a loss of function of the SMAD4 (DPC4) protein [ 40 41 42 43 ] . However, the pancreatic carcinoma cell line BxPC-3, although homozygously deleted for SMAD4, is growth inhibited by TGFβ 1 [ 30 44 ] . It is thus speculated that alternative signaling pathways in addition to the SMAD pathway may exist.