Words similar to homotypic
Example sentences for: homotypic
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The CD98 (4F2, FRP-1) molecule, a cell surface disulfide-linked heterodimer, was originally described as a T cell activation antigen [ 1 ] , and later was shown to provide a co-stimulatory signal for CD3-mediated T-cell activation [ 2 ] , independent of CD28/CD80/CD86 interaction [ 3 ] . In other studies, triggering of human monocyte CD98 could suppress T cell proliferation [ 4 ] , or promote homotypic cell aggregation of monocytes [ 5 ] . Also, CD98 may be a target antigen for natural killer cells [ 6 ] , may mediate fusion of blood monocytes leading to osteoclast formation [ 7 8 ] , and may modulate hematopoietic cell survival and differentiation [ 9 ] .
Previous reports have demonstrated that ADP-ribosylation of B-lymphoid cell lines by C3 treatment inhibits phorbol ester induced cellular homotypic aggregation [ 18 ] . Also, phorbol ester and chemoattractant (IL-8 and fMLP) induced pre-B lymphoblastoid adhesion to VCAM-1 and neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by C3 exoenzyme [ 36 ] . This may indicate that in cells of hematopoietic lineages, the induction of an increased adhesive state may be susceptible to regulation by Rho proteins.
The activated integrins may then undergo clustering whereby the transmembrane domain of each type of subunit (the α or β) interacts with itself—called homotypic oligomerization of the transmembrane domains (Figure 1) (Li et al.
The involvement of Rho GTPases in regulating integrin dependent events such as leukocyte homotypic aggregation and in chemokine upregulation of integrin-mediated adhesion has recently been identified [ 18 19 ] . ADP-ribosylation of Rho in neutrophils by treatment with C3 not only inhibits cellular locomotion, but augments chemoattractant induced actin polymerization [ 20 21 ] . Moreover, inactivation of Rho in monocytic cells leads to accelerated formation of filopodia, and it has been proposed that Rho is a negative regulator of actin polymerization within this cell type [ 22 ] . Active Rho is also required for normal morphology, motility, and cytolytic activity of IL-2 activated NK cells [ 23 24 ] . We and others have demonstrated the importance of Rho in T lymphocyte activation [ 25 26 ] . Given the role played by Rho in the regulation of actin microfilaments in other cell types, and the indispensability of a functional actin cytoskeleton in lymphocyte motility and activation, it is of importance to study Rho's role in the regulation of T lymphocyte integrin function and maintenance of cytoskeletal organization.
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