Words similar to gnrh
Example sentences for: gnrh
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Two molecular loci recently have been implicated as potential modulators of GnRH receptor signaling: one is the receptor itself [ 23 ] , and the other is the G protein that transduces the signal generated by binding of the receptor to its agonist [ 9 ] . With respect to the former locus, G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) act in an agonist-specific manner to phosphorylate intracellular regions of the receptor thus permitting β arrestin binding that sterically inhibits G protein association with the receptor [ 1 45 ] . We have reported previously that experimental expression of GRKs in GnRH receptor-expressing heterologous cells (COS-1) suppressed GnRH-stimulated IP 3 production, and that co-expression of GRK2 and β-arrestin 2 suppressed GnRH receptor signaling more than that of either alone [ 23 ] . Stronger evidence that the GRK/β arrestin paradigm may play a role in regulating GnRH receptor signaling is our recent finding that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GRK2 into normal pituitary gonadotropes suppressed GnRH-stimulated LH secretion and IP 3 production [ 31 ] . However, no evidence has been presented for a direct interaction between β-arrestin and the GnRH receptor.
The quantity of LH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is the outcome of an interaction between the amount of hypothalamic GnRH secretion and the level of gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH [ 7 ] . Quantitatively, gonadotrope responsiveness is more important than the level of GnRH secretion; for example, during the estrogen-stimulated preovulatory surge of LH secretion in the rat there is a 5-fold increase in GnRH secretion but a 50-fold increase in LH secretion [ 7 ] . Moreover, a quantity of GnRH that will evoke a normal preovulatory LH surge during the period preceding ovulation will induce only a small increase in LH secretion at other stages of the estrous cycle [ 7 ] . Similarly, termination of the preovulatory LH surge appears to be due to desensitization of the gonadotrope to GnRH action; in the sheep, a decrease in LH secretion precedes the decrease in GnRH secretion [ 41 ] , whereas in the rat, although the decrease in GnRH and LH secretion are co-incident [ 7 ] , there is evidence that the gonadotrope is already desensitized to GnRH [ 42 43 ] .
The determination of RGS specificity for receptor-G protein pairs are currently unknown; i.e., we and others have found that several RGSs interact with Gqα but only one, RGS3, has potent inhibitory activity on GnRH receptor signaling.
Under normal conditions, large numbers of GnRH neurons are within the telencephalon by approximately stage 25.
GnRH neurons were found within the epithelium and along the nerve and, most importantly, none had crossed into the brain.
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