Words similar to estrogen
Example sentences for: estrogen
How can you use “estrogen” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Pooled populations of antisense BRCA1 BG-1 colonies were examined for growth in the absence or presence of supplemented estrogen.
From the ovarian sex steroids, the role of diminishing estrogen levels is questionable, since the levator ani muscle fibers do not express estrogen receptor alpha [ 2 26 ] . It is not known if estrogen receptor beta is expressed, but levator ani muscle fibers show nuclear expression of progesterone and androgen receptors [ 26 ] . Altered ovarian function in the premenopause can be observed as early as age 43 years, and includes hyperestrogenism and hypergonadotropism, accompanied by decreased progesterone secretion [ 27 ] . During the transition from pre- to postmenopause both estrogen and androgen levels also decline [ 28 ] . These hormonal alterations may well be responsible for the increased gynecological morbidity that characterizes this period of life, including structural and molecular changes in levator ani muscle and increasing incidence of pelvic floor disorders.
The etiology of PFD is probably multifactorial, including a genetic predisposition to connective tissue abnormalities, vaginal childbirth with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor muscles, estrogen deficiency, and aging effects [ 1 ] . The pelvic floor, situated at the bottom of the abdominal cavity, forms a supporting shelf for the abdominal and pelvic viscera.
Because two studies have noted higher estrogen levels among women with A2 alleles [ 4 23 ] , it is possible that women with these genotypes have more lifetime exposure to circulating steroid hormones that is not abrogated by later age at menarche or by earlier age at first full-term pregnancy.
Trophoblast cells are usually separated and grown in media containing phenol red (PhR) [ 35 ] . Phenol red is a weak estrogen with apparent biological effects, and the ERα binding affinity in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) is equivalent to levels of E2 as high as 0.45 nM [ 36 ] . Although relatively low when compared to the E2 levels in pregnancy, this estrogenic binding affinity of PhR is close to that of E2 during the preovulatory peak [ 4 5 ] . Therefore, we included studies with PhR+, PhR-/E2- and PhR-/E2+ media in order to determine the effect of estrogens on differentiation of cultured trophoblast cells (syncytium formation) derived from normal and abnormal placental types.
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