Words similar to epitopes
Example sentences for: epitopes
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Data from western blot analyses using Ab specific for phosphorylated epitopes of Smad-1 as well as analyses of dendritic growth in cultures exposed to BMP-5 in the presence of a soluble BMPR-IA-Fc chimeric protein are consistent with a signaling pathway that involves binding to the BMPR-IA and activation of Smad-1.
Caution must be used with this result however, as the size of the cloned prodelHB-EGF region is small, encoding just 54 amino acids; this may have resulted in a Gal4 fusion protein in which the EGF epitopes in prodelHB-EGF are hidden by the Gal4 subunit and thus not recognized by the GAL4 fusion partner protein (GAL4/Fib-lC EGF #5-COOH).
It has been speculated that these modified forms of autoantigens may have enhanced immunogenicity through exposure of immunocryptic epitopes that are not generated during antigen processing [ 21 23 37 43 ] . These epitopes could trigger autoimmune responses if presented to the immune system under proinflammatory conditions [ 44 ] , and they may be recognized as surface structures on cytoplasmic organelles that are released to the immune system in aberrant disease states.
The RT-97 mAB [ 9 ] has been characterized as recognizing phosphorylated epitopes on the 210 kDa NF-H peptide [ 15 ] , and used similarly to SMI-31 to identify neurites in vitro and in situ [ 16 17 18 ] . One would predict, therefore, that labeling with RT97 would produce staining patterns, including nuclear, similar to those of SMI-31 in SH-SY5Y cells.
Objects in nuclei recognized by antibodies specific for phosphoprotein epitopes, cytoplasmic IFs, or both, have been reported in glial and neuronal cells, in situ and in vitro . The nuclear structures appear spherical or rod-like and may have a positional relationship with nuclear pores [ 1 2 3 4 ] . Morphologically, these structures appear similar to the nuclear "speckles" that are thought to be storage sites for RNA splicing factors [ 5 6 7 ] . However, while intermediate filament (IF) phosphoproteins could be components of nuclear speckles, they are immunologically distinct.