Words similar to elucidated
Example sentences for: elucidated
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These range from neuronal differentiation, maintenance of survival, and regulation of metabolic activities [for review see [ 1 2 3 ] . Many of these actions include and require transcriptional regulation [ 4 5 ] . However, the greater part of the changes in gene expression that underlie the NGF response remain to be elucidated.
The association of inhaled particulate pollution and cigarette smoking with pulmonary disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is well documented [ 1 ] , but the specific early responses of lung epithelial cells to toxic substances in particulates - that predispose the cells to disease - have not been elucidated.
Estimates of their use in the United States alone suggest that over five million CVCs are inserted annually [ 1 2 ] . Although CVCs have significant benefits in many clinical situations, the increase in their use over the last 20 years has been associated with at least a doubling of resultant nosocomial infections [ 3 4 ] . A number of factors may contribute to the risk of catheter related infections (CRI) [ 5 6 7 8 9 ] . Although a common problem, the descriptive epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors and best means of diagnosing CRI have not yet been fully elucidated.
Initially the nomenclature of IL-1 and IL-2 was created to delineate the sequential action of an assumed single macrophage-derived soluble factor (IL-1), which promoted the production of a single lymphocyte-derived factor (IL-2) [ 14 15 25 ] . However, the molecular nature of the LAF activity was never fully elucidated, even after the isolation and identification of multiple mitogen/endotoxin-stimulated macrophage-derived products, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α).
Thus, while the mechanism whereby the CYP17 polymorphism increases serum hormones levels has not been identified, it is probable that there are either effects that have not yet been elucidated or that the site is in linkage disequilibrium with another polymorphism that alters the function of the CYP17 enzyme.
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