Words similar to ectoderm
Example sentences for: ectoderm
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Thus, exposure to FGF is required to endow the ectoderm with the competence to respond to additional signals that will act later on its way towards neural specification.
In transplant or explant studies, animal ectoderm that forms epidermis, when undisturbed, is susceptible to neural induction by the organizer.
2000), and their eloquent exposition (Streit and Stern 1999; Wilson and Edlund 2001; Stern 2002) to turn the tide, but there is now no doubt that the FGF signaling pathway plays a major role in the specification and early development of the neural ectoderm in chordates.
The first evidence that chemokines are associated with wound healing in vivo was reported in 1990 using the chemokine cCAF (chicken Chemotactic and Angiogenic Factor; the product of the 9E3 gene), a CXC chemokine that is now known to be the ortologue for human IL-8 [ 9 ] . cCAF is expressed to high levels very shortly after wounding and during the first 24-48 hours after injury, and remains elevated for at least 16 days after wounding [ 6 10 ] . It is primarily expressed by the fibroblasts of the granulation tissue, especially where interstitial collagen (Coll) is abundant, but the levels are also high in the endothelial cells of the microvessels, in the healing epidermis and in the connective tissue beneath the skin [ 6 11 ] . In the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, low concentration of cCAF results in chemotaxis of monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes and the formation of a granulation-like tissue beneath the chemokine-containing pellet [ 3 ] . After four days of exposure to this chemokine, the ectoderm of the CAMs becomes thickened and the amount of fibrillar collagen in the tissue is markedly increased, strongly suggesting that cCAF is able to initiate some of the primary events that lead to granulation tissue formation [ 3 ] .
The dorsal ectoderm or BCNE is fully specified as anterior neural ectoderm, as excision of this region led to headless embryos, and explants differentiated into neural tissue in culture, even when the formation of any mesodermal cells was blocked by interference with nodal signaling (Kuroda et al.
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