Words similar to ectoderm
Example sentences for: ectoderm
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The first evidence that chemokines are associated with wound healing in vivo was reported in 1990 using the chemokine cCAF (chicken Chemotactic and Angiogenic Factor; the product of the 9E3 gene), a CXC chemokine that is now known to be the ortologue for human IL-8 [ 9 ] . cCAF is expressed to high levels very shortly after wounding and during the first 24-48 hours after injury, and remains elevated for at least 16 days after wounding [ 6 10 ] . It is primarily expressed by the fibroblasts of the granulation tissue, especially where interstitial collagen (Coll) is abundant, but the levels are also high in the endothelial cells of the microvessels, in the healing epidermis and in the connective tissue beneath the skin [ 6 11 ] . In the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, low concentration of cCAF results in chemotaxis of monocyte/macrophages and lymphocytes and the formation of a granulation-like tissue beneath the chemokine-containing pellet [ 3 ] . After four days of exposure to this chemokine, the ectoderm of the CAMs becomes thickened and the amount of fibrillar collagen in the tissue is markedly increased, strongly suggesting that cCAF is able to initiate some of the primary events that lead to granulation tissue formation [ 3 ] .
In transplant or explant studies, animal ectoderm that forms epidermis, when undisturbed, is susceptible to neural induction by the organizer.
This latter point concerns an issue not yet mentioned here, namely anterior–posterior patterning of the neural ectoderm, a process that occurs in concert with neural induction per se.
The mouse gene encoding the 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase ( Gad1 ) is expressed in the tail bud mesenchyme, vibrissal placodes, pharyngeal arches and pouches and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), mesenchyme and ectoderm of the limb buds in mouse embryos from E9.
Sections indicate that the expression within the limb buds was in surface ectoderm and adjacent mesenchyme (data not shown).
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