Words similar to ecams
Example sentences for: ecams
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In the setting of IBD, the expression of ECAMs like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 (mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1) is observed in experimental models of colitis, [ 2 3 4 5 ] and also within the inflamed human colon in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [ 6 7 ] .
MAdCAM-1 is normally expressed in the gut, and its expression is dramatically amplified during inflammation [ 2 3 ] . The functional significance of increased appearance of MAdCAM-1 in IBD is supported by several reports which show that immunoneutralization of either MAdCAM-1 or its ligand, the α4β7 integrin, attenuate inflammation and mucosal damage in animal models of colitis [ 8 9 10 ] . However, since monoclonal antibodies directed against other ECAMs, particularly VCAM-1, can as well reduce disease activity in colitis models [ 11 12 13 14 ] , the literature suggests that MAdCAM-1 is probably necessary, but insufficient for the maximal penetrance of experimental and probably also clinical IBD.
There are at least two regulating pathways in ECAM expression, one is a cytokine-dependent pathway which is widely studied and the other is cytokine-independent [ 58 ] . IL-10 apparently prevents cytokine-induced NF-kB binding activity to the ECAM promoter [ 59 ] and blocks the excessive expression of ECAMs in cytokine-mediated inflammatory conditions.
Therefore, these data suggest that the reduction of TK-1 adhesion is approximately 84% (42%/50%) MAdCAM-1 dependent, and that the remaining 16% of adhesion depends on other ECAMs, (such as ICAM-1).
Because of this prime role of TNF-α in IBD, anti-TNF-α antibody therapy has been very successfully used in IBD to reduce both colonic injury and expression of ECAMs in IBD [ 51 ] .
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