Words similar to dysplastic
Example sentences for: dysplastic
How can you use “dysplastic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Current data suggest that 23% of current and former smokers have metaplastic lesions, and 2% have dysplastic lesions [ 7].
2 arrest, as well as apoptosis via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways [ 50 51 52 ] . The presence of a dysplastic SMG phenotype in E2f1 -/-mice indicates that E2F1 plays an important role during SMG development [ 53 ] . Moreover, E2F1 overexpression in human salivary gland (HSG) cells diverted these cells into an apoptotic pathway [ 54 ] .
However, in both intervention and regression trials, significant CD4 +T cell and CD8 +T cell infiltration into hyperplastic/dysplastic islets and tumors was noted in Rip1-Tag2 mice that had received the combination of sub-lethal radiation and adoptive transfer of TCR splenocytes.
In some circumstances, CD4 +and CD8 +T cells were rendered inactive in tumor-bearing hosts [ 8 ] . The inactivation of CD4 +T cells has been attributed either to the tumor cells themselves or to bone marrow-derived cells [ 9 10 11 ] , whereas antigen ignorance or loss of memory have been postulated to underlay that of CD8 +T cells [ 12 13 ] . Other studies have suggested that tumor cells can secrete immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β or express Fas ligand to induce apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes [ 14 15 16 ] . Furthermore, the tumor vasculature appears to be quite different from normal blood vessels, in terms of structural organization, interstitial pressure, and flow patterns [ 17 ] , and in reduced lymphocyte and natural killer cell homing and adhesion [ 18 19 20 21 ] . The existence of significant barriers to effective immunological destruction is further illustrated by a mouse model of concurrent multistage tumorigenesis and anti-oncogene autoimmunity, wherein progenitor dysplastic lesions are infiltrated and disrupted, while solid tumors are not [ 22 ] . The hypothesis is that the microenvironment of certain types of solid tumor can serve to locally suppress T cell infiltration.
The squamous cells in bronchial squamous dysplasia must have originated from a metaplastic focus for directly from non-squamous bronchial cells that differentiated directly to a dysplastic squamous phenotype.
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