Words similar to duplications
Example sentences for: duplications
How can you use “duplications” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
For all 451 doublet duplications, the identity between two human segments varies from 37% to 100%, whereas the length of segments varies from 10 Kb to 257 Kb (the data are available in our ftp server [ 17] and Supplementary Table 2 in the additional data file).
Numerous observations that gene duplications that increase protein dosage can be pathogenic [ 61, 72, 73, 74, 75] further support the model of optimum copy number for each gene.
The results of the present analysis of recent duplications suggest a two-stage evolutionary model of gene duplication: in the first stage, immediately after duplication and during the early phase of their evolution, paralogs are retained and are subject to purifying selection because of the short-term advantage of protein dosage regulation; at a later stage in their evolution, gene duplications are likely to provide a long-term advantage by enabling the creation of new functions.
The alternative hypothesis - that gene duplications are fixed in a population by positive selection in all organisms - is supported by a combination of evidence of adaptive duplications from many types of living organisms: prokaryotes [ 31, 33, 45, 46, 48, 50, 55, 56], protists [ 35, 58, 59], plants [ 39, 44], fungi [ 43, 49], invertebrates [ 40, 41, 51, 52, 53], non-mammalian vertebrates [ 54], as well as mammalian somatic tissues [ 34, 36, 37, 38].
Possible explanations for such cases include duplications which we may have missed, mutations in unknown enhancers or translation modifiers hidden in exons or introns, mutations that create novel splice sites and changes in the coding region which might be pathogenic but which, due to our lack of knowledge, are thought to be polymorphic.
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