Words similar to dpp
Example sentences for: dpp
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These data are consistent with conclusions from previous studies indicating that dendrite-promoting activity is restricted to BMPs from the 60A or dpp (BMPs 2 and 4) subgroups and is not observed with BMPs from other subgroups such as BMP-3, BMP-13 or dorsalin, or with other members of the TGF-β superfamily such as activin, TGF-β1, -β2 or -β3 [ 16 17 ] . Functional redundancy between BMPs of the 60A subgroup has been previously reported with respect to other developmental endpoints [ 6 ] , of which some, such as upregulation of cell adhesion molecules [ 30 ] , may be directly relevant to effects on dendritic growth.
Bmp2 and Bmp4 are two members of the BMP family, closely related to Drosophila dpp (decapentaplegic).
AP-1 = activator protein-1; COL2A1 = procollagen 2 alpha 1; egr-1 = early growth response gene-1; ets = erythroblastosis gene twenty-six; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; LH = lactalbumin hydrolysate; LIF = leukemia inhibitory factor; MAPK= mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; NF-κB = nuclear factor-κB; OA = osteoarthritis; PDGF = platelet-derived growth factor; RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SMAD4 = mothers against dpp homolog 4; TGF-β = transforming growth factor-β.
IL-1β repressed three transcription factor genes, including HOX-4A, the retinoblastoma-like protein 2, and mothers against dpp homologue 4 (SMAD4).
BMP-6 and BMP-7 as well as dpp subgroup members, BMP-2 and BMP-4, have been shown to influence other aspects of sympathetic neuron development, such as differentiation of adrenergic sympathetic neurons from neural crest [ 13 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 ] and neuropeptide phenotype [ 39 ] . It will be of interest to determine if BMP-5 also exhibits functional redundancy with respect to these effects.
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