Words similar to cystic
Example sentences for: cystic
How can you use “cystic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
found significant decreases in active bile acid uptake when examining ileal brush border membrane vesicles [ 11 ] and proposed that altered viscosity of the ileal mucus was likely not a factor in ileal bile acid malabsorption associated with cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a generalized exocrine disease resulting from the defective regulation of epithelial chloride ion transport within various organ systems, most importantly the lungs [ 1 2 3 4 ] . This dysfunction can arise from a variety of mutations within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7, which encodes the transmembrane pump responsible for regulating transepithelial ion levels [ 1 2 4 ] . This defect is associated with an increased viscosity of the airway surface fluid, and according to some studies, an altered salt concentration [ 5 6 ] . These and other pleiotropic effects of the CF gene abnormality increase the susceptibility of CF patients to bronchopulmonary bacterial infection by opportunistic pathogens.
Based on this evidence, we postulate that the more viscous mucus layer in the ileal crypts of individuals with cystic fibrosis limits access of luminal bile acids and micelles to the ileal crypt cells.
These observations suggest that nontypeable H. influenzae grows as a biofilm in the respiratory tract of adults with COPD, reminiscent of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its well established propensity to grow as a biofilm while causing infection in patients with cystic fibrosis [ 27 ] .
Over the past decade bacteria in the form of biofilms have been recognized as important causes of a variety of human infections, including infections of prosthetic devices, endocarditis, dental caries, pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, prostatitis and others [ 22 25 26 27 28 ] . Biofilms are more resistant to immune clearance mechanisms and to antibiotics compared to planktonic bacteria [ 29 30 ] . In order to develop strategies to treat and prevent infections caused by bacteria in biofilms, including otitis media with effusion, it will be important to elucidate the characteristics of bacterial pathogens as biofilms.
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