Words similar to coreceptor
Example sentences for: coreceptor
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The hypothesis that engagement of coreceptor binding sites on gp120 by CAP leads to the expression of gp41 six-helix bundle structures is supported by the finding that a tyrosine sulfated S-peptide, but not the non-sulfated peptide, from the N-terminus of CCR5 [ 25 56 57 ] has an effect similar to that of CAP (Fig.
Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is a promising microbicide candidate for prevention of infection by sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens, including HIV-1 [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] . CAP inactivates HIV-1 and blocks the coreceptor binding site on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120, while leaving the site for the primary cellular receptor CD4 accessible [ 8 9 ] Soluble CD4 (sCD4) was shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection by two mechanisms: reversible blockage of virus binding to receptors, and irreversible inactivation of virus infectivity [ 10 ] . Since CAP and sCD4 bind to distinct domains on the HIV-1 envelope, it was of interest to determine whether or not these two ligands affect virus infectivity synergistically as do other combinations of anti-HIV-1 drugs and sCD4 [ 11 12 ] Binding of sCD4 leads to conformational changes in gp120 [ 13 14 15 16 17 ] . Binding of gp120 to coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively, triggers additional conformational changes in HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins [ 18 19 ] For these reasons it was of interest to determine whether a) pretreatment of HIV-1 with sCD4 would affect subsequent binding of CAP to virus particles, and b) CAP binding to virus particles in the presence or absence of sCD4 would elicit conformational changes which could affect HIV-1 infectivity.
Further, we suggest using challenge viruses that utilize CCR5 as coreceptor, such as for example SHIV-SF162P [36], rather than the standard strain SHIV89.
Since CAP blocks coreceptor binding sites on gp120 [ 8 ] it was of interest to determine whether this blockade would lead to conformational changes in HIV-1 gp41, similar to those elicited by CD4 or coreceptor binding to gp120.
Earlier studies [ 36 37 ] . indicated that soluble CAP at neutral pH binds to the CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptor binding sites on HIV-1 IIIB and BaL, respectively, and induced the formation of "dead-end" gp41 six-helix bundles.
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