Words similar to carcinomas
Example sentences for: carcinomas
How can you use “carcinomas” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
After a mutant allele of Pten was crossed into Wnt-1 TG mice, we found that ductal carcinomas appeared earlier than either alteration alone and that LOH at the Pten locus occurred in the majority of these tumors, suggesting a selective growth advantage in cells that lack Pten functions.
Indeed, the CD4+ T cells that directly destroy MHCII-positive tumors were identified [ 5 ] . In the clinic, the expression of MHCII on colorectal carcinomas is correlated with more favourable prognosis [ 6 ] . Adoptive transfer studies show that ex vivo activated CD4+ T cells are able to recognize, and to eliminate, MHCII-positive tumors either by themselves [ 7 ] or in co-operation with CD8+ T cells [ 8 ] . It has been also demonstrated that the increased MHCII expression on tumor cells and macrophages following treatment with IFNg in vivo was associated with enhanced efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in a mouse model of metastatic sarcoma [ 9 ] .
The angiogenesis in non-small-cell lung carcinomas in patients shows four different patterns of vascularisation: basal, diffuse, papillary and alveolar [ 29 ] . The basal and the diffuse are the most frequent patterns found in squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas respectively.
Modulation of this mitogenic pathway occurs in part via the M6P/IGF2R, which functions in the internalization and degradation of IGF-II [ 10 ] . M6P/IGF2R is also important in activation of TGF-β, a potent growth inhibitor for most cell types, and in binding, transport and activation of lysosomal enzymes, such as cathepsins [ 12 13 ] . It has been shown that M6P/IGF2R expression is significantly reduced in both rat and human hepatocellular carcinomas [ 14 ] . Loss of hetorozygosity (LOH) at the M6P/IGF2 receptor gene locus on 6q26-27 coupled with somatic point mutations in the remaining allele has recently been demonstrated in liver and breast cancers [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . In addition, somatic mutations of the M6P/IGF2R gene were also found in prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, and genetically unstable cancers of the endometrium, brain, stomach and colorectum [ 24 25 26 27 28 29 ] . The findings of LOH and mutations of M6P/IGF2R in a wide variety of tumor types have led to the proposition that the M6P/IGF2R is a tumor suppressor gene.
Hyaluronidases Hyal-1 and Hyal-2 play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis [ 3 4 5 ] , although inactivation of HYAL1 gene has been shown in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas [ 17 ] . Hyal-1, also known as Luca-1, is a lysosomal enzyme that is secreted from cells.
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